Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers have emerged as promising candidates for flexible piezoelectric energy harvesting, yet their practical performance remains constrained by limited β-phase content and insufficient mechanical deformability. This study investigates the synergistic enhancement of piezoelectric behavior in PVDF nanofibers through the dual incorporation of graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets and three-dimensional photonic crystal (PC) additives. GO acts as a nucleating agent that promotes the formation of the electroactive β-phase and establishes conductive pathways for improved charge transfer, while PC particles provide mechanical elasticity and strain sensitivity, enabling more efficient mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion under applied stress. We fabricated electrospun PVDF/GO/PC nanofiber mats with varying additive concentrations and systematically characterized them using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and piezoelectric performance testing. Results show that incorporating GO and PC additives significantly increases piezoelectric output voltage and strain sensitivity compared with pristine PVDF nanofibers. The optimal loading ratio substantially improves β-phase fraction and electromechanical conversion efficiency. This dual-additive strategy offers a promising route toward high-performance, flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators for wearable electronics and self-powered sensing applications.
 

photonic crystal,nanomaterials