Large segmental bone defects (>2 cm) are difficult to repair using autologous bone grafts; this challenge becomes particularly pronounced when the defect length exceeds 5 cm, necessitating the use of biocompatible artificial bone substitutes. However, the repair efficiency of such substitutes is largely limited by poor interfacial bonding and insufficient long-distance cell migration across the defect. This study systematically investigates laser-based fabrication of biomimetic surface patterns on artificial bone implants, including triangular-pyramid-shaped, leaf-vein-like, and fish-scale-like microstructures. Among these, the triangular-pyramid structure, inspired by the directional water-collection behavior of spider silk, is highlighted because it can generate asymmetric mechanical forces on adhered cells and thereby promote directional migration. By integrating simulation analysis, process parameter optimization, and performance characterization, this study established relationships linking laser process parameters, the resulting surface topography, and physicochemical properties to cellular adhesion, proliferation, and migration. These findings provide theoretical and experimental guidance for the design and laser manufacturing of functional biomimetic patterns for bone defect repair.
 

Biomimetic pattern; Laser processing; Surface modification; Biological performance